Text Blocks

// ── Before Java 15 — multi-line JSON squeezed into escaped concatenation
String jsonOld = "{\n" +
    "  \"name\": \"Alice\",\n" +
    "  \"age\": 30,\n" +
    "  \"city\": \"Wonderland\"\n" +
    "}";
// Source code bears little visual resemblance to the actual JSON it represents —
// reader must mentally undo the escaping and concatenation to see the real content

// ── Java 15+ — text block, content written exactly as it should appear ─
String json = """
    {
      "name": "Alice",
      "age": 30,
      "city": "Wonderland"
    }
    """;
// Embedded double quotes need NO escaping at all (only the triple-quote delimiter
// itself is special) — and the source IS the content, line breaks included

// ── SQL example — same dramatic readability improvement ────────────────
String sqlOld = "SELECT id, name, email\n" +
    "FROM users\n" +
    "WHERE active = true\n" +
    "ORDER BY name";

String sql = """
    SELECT id, name, email
    FROM users
    WHERE active = true
    ORDER BY name
    """;

// ── Closing delimiter position determines the stripped margin ──────────
String text1 = """
    Hello
    World
    """;
// Closing """ aligned with "Hello"/"World" — that indentation level is the margin,
// stripped uniformly: text1 == "Hello\nWorld\n"

String text2 = """
    Hello
    World
""";
// Closing """ flush left — LESS indentation is treated as the margin, so MORE
// leading whitespace is preserved on the content lines than probably intended:
// text2 == "    Hello\n    World\n" (extra leading spaces kept!)

// ── Essential (intentional) indentation within content IS preserved ────
String html = """
    <ul>
      <li>Item 1</li>
      <li>Item 2</li>
    </ul>
    """;
// The relative indentation of <li> beneath <ul> IS essential and IS preserved —
// only the common margin shared by ALL lines (matching the closing delimiter) is stripped

// ── Trailing whitespace is stripped automatically — use \s to preserve it
String trimmedTrailing = """
    line with trailing spaces   
    next line
    """;
// Trailing spaces after "spaces" on the first line are stripped automatically,
// regardless of how many were typed — avoids invisible-whitespace diff noise

String preserved = """
    line ending with one preserved space\s
    next line
    """;
// "\s" specifically preserves exactly one trailing space that would otherwise be stripped

// ── Ordinary escapes still work; \" rarely needed (only 3+ quotes are ambiguous)
String quotes = """
    She said "hello" to "everyone" in the room.
    """;
// Single/double quotes need no escaping at all — only an actual run of 3
// consecutive quotes inside the block would require escaping at least one:
String trickyQuotes = """
    The delimiter looks like \"""this if it needs escaping.
    """;

// ── The new "\" line-continuation escape — suppresses a line break ────
String longLine = """
    This is a very long logical line that we want to \
    wrap across multiple source lines purely for editor \
    readability, without those wraps becoming real newlines.
    """;
// Resulting string has NO embedded newlines from the wrapped portion above —
// it reads as one continuous line despite being written across three

// ── Combining text blocks with formatted()/String.format() ─────────────
String template = """
    Dear %s,

    Your order #%d has shipped and will arrive by %s.

    Thank you for your business.
    """;

String message = template.formatted("Alice", 12345, "Friday");
// formatted() is equivalent to String.format(template, args) — added in Java 15
// specifically so this combination reads naturally without a separate static call

String sqlTemplate = """
    SELECT * FROM orders
    WHERE customer_id = %d
    AND status = '%s'
    """;
String query = sqlTemplate.formatted(42, "SHIPPED");